Windows Server 2019: Install Hyper-V

Introduction

Hyper-V is a native hypervisor developed by Microsoft, which enables platform virtualization on x86-64 systems. It allows multiple operating systems to run concurrently on a physical machine, improving efficiency and flexibility in resource usage.

Overview Install and Configure Create Virtual Machine (Windows) Create Virtual Machine (Linux)

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• Overview
• Install and Configure
• Create Virtual Machine (Windows)
• Create Virtual Machine (Linux)

Overview

This document provides a comprehensive overview of Hyper-V, covering the What, Who, Where, When, Why, How, Consequences, and Conclusion.

What

Hyper-V is a type-1 hypervisor that allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical server. It supports isolation of virtualized environments and is commonly used for server virtualization, desktop virtualization, and virtualized test environments.

Who

Hyper-V is designed for IT professionals, system administrators, and developers who need to run multiple operating systems on a single hardware platform. It is used by enterprises, small and medium businesses, and individuals for various virtualization needs.

Where

Hyper-V can be deployed on Windows Server operating systems and Windows 10 Pro and Enterprise editions. It is often used in data centers, cloud environments, and individual workstations.

When

Hyper-V was first introduced with Windows Server 2008 and has since been included in all subsequent versions of Windows Server and Windows 10. It continues to be updated with new features and improvements.

Why

Understanding the pros and cons of Hyper-V can help in determining its suitability for specific use cases.

Pros	Cons
Cost-effective	Requires Windows Server or Pro/Enterprise editions
Improved resource utilization	Limited support for non-Windows OSes
Integration with Microsoft ecosystem	Steep learning curve

How

Here is a basic workflow to set up and manage Hyper-V:

Step 1	Install Hyper-V via Windows Features or Server Manager
Step 2	Create and configure virtual machines through Hyper-V Manager
Step 3	Manage virtual machines and resources using Hyper-V Manager or PowerShell

Consequences

The implementation of Hyper-V brings various positive and negative consequences:

Positive	Enhanced disaster recovery capabilities Reduced hardware costs Increased flexibility and scalability
Negative	Initial setup complexity Potential performance overhead Compatibility issues with non-Windows operating systems

Conclusion

Hyper-V is a powerful and versatile virtualization solution that offers numerous benefits, such as cost savings, improved resource utilization, and better disaster recovery. However, it also has some limitations, including initial setup complexity and compatibility issues. Overall, Hyper-V is a valuable tool for organizations looking to optimize their IT infrastructure through virtualization.

Install and Configure

Install Hyper-V to build Virtualization Environment. System requirements are like follows.

• x64(64bit) Computer, and CPU has Intel XD bit (Execute Disable bit) or AMD NX bit (No-Execute bit) feature.
• Possible to enable Intel XD bit or AMD NX bit on BIOS setting and it is now enabled.

Using Command Line Interface (CLI)

Step [1]Run PowerShell with Admin Privilege and Install Hyper-V.

        
Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

# install Hyper-V with admin tools
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Install-WindowsFeature Hyper-V -IncludeManagementTools 

Success Restart Needed Exit Code      Feature Result
------- -------------- ---------      --------------
True    Yes            SuccessRest... {Hyper-V, Windows PowerShell 用 Hyper-V ...
WARNING: You must restart this server to finish the installation process.

# restart computer to apply changes
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Restart-Computer -Force
        
        

Using Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Step [2]Run [Server Manager] and click [Add roles and features].

Step [3]Click [Next] button.

Step [4]Select [Role-based or feature-based installation].

Step [5]Select a Host which you'd like to add services.

Step [6]Check a box [Hyper-V].

Step [7]Addtional features are required to add Hyper-V. Click [Add Features] button and proceed to Next.

Step [8]Click [Next] button.

Step [9]Click [Next] button.

Step [10]This is the section to create Virtual Switches. Select a Network adapter for it.

Step [11]This is the section for Migration for Virtula Machines. On this example, keep default and proceed Next.

Step [12]This is the section to specify the location of Virtual Machines' configuration. On this example, keep default and proceed Next.

Step [13]Click [Install] button to begin installation.

Step [14]After finishing installation, Click [Close] button and restart Computer.

Create Virtual Machine (Windows)

On this example, Create a Virtual Machine with installing Windows Server 2019.

Using Command Line Interface (CLI)

Step [1]Run PowerShell with Admin Privilege and configure.

        
Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

# confirm network adapter names
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-NetAdapter 

Name                      InterfaceDescription                    ifIndex Status       MacAddress             LinkSpeed
----                      --------------------                    ------- ------       ----------             ---------
Ethernet0                 Intel(R) 82574L Gigabit Network Conn...       6 Up           00-0C-29-C7-54-1A         1 Gbps

# create a virtul switch
PS C:\Users\Administrator> New-VMSwitch -Name "Bridge01" -AllowManagementOS $True -NetAdapterName "Ethernet0" 

# confirm
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-VMSwitch 

Name     SwitchType NetAdapterInterfaceDescription
----     ---------- ------------------------------
Bridge01 External   Intel(R) 82574L Gigabit Network Connection

# create a directory for virtual machines
PS C:\Users\Administrator> mkdir E:\Virtual_Machine 

# set VM name and others
PS C:\Users\Administrator> $ParentDir = 'E:\Virtual_Machine' 
PS C:\Users\Administrator> $VMName = 'Win2k19' 
PS C:\Users\Administrator> $Switch = 'Bridge01' 

# create a virtual machine
PS C:\Users\Administrator> New-VM -Name $VMName `
-MemoryStartupBytes 8GB `
-Generation 2 `
-NewVHDPath "$ParentDir\$VMName\$VMName.vhdx" `
-NewVHDSizeBytes 50GB `
-Path "$ParentDir\$VMName" `
-SwitchName $Switch 

Name    State CPUUsage(%) MemoryAssigned(M) Uptime   Status             Version
----    ----- ----------- ----------------- ------   ------             -------
Win2k19 Off   0           0                 00:00:00 Operating normally 9.0

# change vCPU count
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Set-VMProcessor $VMName -Count 4 

# add SCSI controler
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Add-VMScsiController -VMName $VMName 

# set install image
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Add-VMDvdDrive -VMName $VMName `
-ControllerNumber 1 `
-ControllerLocation 0 `
-Path 'C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\Win2019_EN-US_190906-2324.rs5.iso' 

PS C:\Users\Administrator> $DVDDrive = Get-VMDvdDrive -VMName $VMName 

# set virtual DVD first boot device
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Set-VMFirmware -VMName $VMName -FirstBootDevice $DVDDrive 

# start the virtual machine
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Start-VM -Name $VMName 

# after this, refer to [13] to install OS
        
        

Using Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Step [2]Run [Server Manager] and Open [Tools] - [Hyper-V Manager].

Step [3]Select Hostname on the left pane and right-click it to open the menu, and then select [New] - [Virtual Machine].

Step [4]Click [Next] button.

Step [5]Input name of Virtual Machine. Any name is OK.

Step [6]Specify generation of Virtual Machine. On this example, select [Generation 2].

Step [7]Assign Memory for Virtual Machine.

Step [8]Select Virtual Switch to use networking of Virtual Machine.

Step [9]Configure Virtual Hard Disk. Set parameters you like.

Step [10]Select installation source of GuestOS.

Step [11]Click [Finish] button if that's OK.

Step [12]Virtual machine has been just created. To start it, right-click it and select [Start].

Step [13]To connect the console of Virtual Machine, right-click it and select [Connect].

Step [14]Install GuestOS with common procedure.

Step [15]Installation has finished and Virtual Machine Windows Server is running now.

Create Virtual Machine (Linux)

On this example, Create a Virtual Machine with installing CentOS Linux.

Using Command Line Interface (CLI)

Step [1]Run PowerShell with Admin Privilege and configure.

        
Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

# confirm network adapter names
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-NetAdapter 

Name                      InterfaceDescription                    ifIndex Status       MacAddress             LinkSpeed
----                      --------------------                    ------- ------       ----------             ---------
Ethernet0                 Intel(R) 82574L Gigabit Network Conn...       6 Up           00-0C-29-C7-54-1A         1 Gbps

# create a virtul switch
PS C:\Users\Administrator> New-VMSwitch -Name "Bridge01" -AllowManagementOS $True -NetAdapterName "Ethernet0" 

# confirm
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-VMSwitch 

Name     SwitchType NetAdapterInterfaceDescription
----     ---------- ------------------------------
Bridge01 External   Intel(R) 82574L Gigabit Network Connection

# create a directory for virtual machines
PS C:\Users\Administrator> mkdir E:\Virtual_Machine 

# set VM name and others
PS C:\Users\Administrator> $ParentDir = 'E:\Virtual_Machine' 
PS C:\Users\Administrator> $VMName = 'CentOS8' 
PS C:\Users\Administrator> $Switch = 'Bridge01' 

# create a virtual machine
PS C:\Users\Administrator> New-VM -Name $VMName `
-MemoryStartupBytes 4GB `
-Generation 1 `
-NewVHDPath "$ParentDir\$VMName\$VMName.vhdx" `
-NewVHDSizeBytes 20GB `
-Path "$ParentDir\$VMName" `
-SwitchName $Switch 

Name    State CPUUsage(%) MemoryAssigned(M) Uptime   Status             Version
----    ----- ----------- ----------------- ------   ------             -------
CentOS8 Off   0           0                 00:00:00 Operating normally 9.0

# change vCPU count
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Set-VMProcessor $VMName -Count 2 

# confirm virtual DVD drive
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-VMDvdDrive -VMName $VMName 

VMName  ControllerType ControllerNumber ControllerLocation DvdMediaType Path
------  -------------- ---------------- ------------------ ------------ ----
CentOS8 IDE            1                0                  None

# set install image to virtual DVD drive
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Set-VMDvdDrive -VMName $VMName `
-Path 'C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\CentOS-8.2.2004-x86_64-dvd1.iso' 

PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-VMDvdDrive -VMName $VMName 

VMName  ControllerType ControllerNumber ControllerLocation DvdMediaType Path
------  -------------- ---------------- ------------------ ------------ ----
CentOS8 IDE            1                0                  ISO          C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\CentOS-8.2.2004-x86...

# start the virtual machine
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Start-VM -Name $VMName 

# after this, refer to [13] to install OS
        
        

Using Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Step [2]Run [Server Manager] and Open [Tools] - [Hyper-V Manager].

Step [3]Select Hostname on the left pane and right-click it to open the menu, and then select [New] - [Virtual Machine].

Step [4]Click [Next] button.

Step [5] Input name of Virtual Machine. Any name is OK.

Step [6]Specify generation of Virtual Machine. On this example, select [Generation 1].

Step [7]Assign Memory for Virtual Machine.

Step [8]Select Virtual Switch to use networking of Virtual Machine.

Step [9]Configure Virtual Hard Disk. Set parameters you like.

Step [10]Select installation source of GuestOS.

Step [11]Click [Finish] button if that's OK.

Step [12]Virtual machine has been just created. To start it, right-click it and select [Start].

Step [13]To connect the console of Virtual Machine, right-click it and select [Connect].

Step [14]Install GuestOS with common procedure.

Step [15]Installation has finished and Virtual Machine CentOS Linux is running now.